Things I should read about: - Out of order execution, re-order buffers - (Carry look-ahead adders) - n-way set associative cache - register renaming # Useful basic components ## Flip-flops, latches Memory. Holds a single bit of memory. The difference between flip-flops and latches is that flip-flops are edge-triggered (by the clock), and latches are asynchronous. # Performance $$ CPU Time = \frac{Instructions}{Program} \times \frac{Clock cycles}{Instruction} \times \frac{Seconds}{Clock cycle} $$